The Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause the subduction zones that form these volcanoes. Indonesia is the country that contains the most active volcanoes of all countries in the world.
The weak state of infrastructure and property in combination with the high population density imply that natural disasters in Indonesia may cause more casualties than they should because it will require smaller force to make a building collapse. Meanwhile, in the urban centers of Indonesia, particularly the bigger cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan and Yogyakarta, there is an extremely high population density. One important remark is that the weak conditions of some of its infrastructure and property - which can be the result of mismanagement, too limited financial resources, the lack of skills or corruption - in fact aggravates the devastating impact of a natural disaster. Lastly, man-made natural disasters (such as forest fires caused by the traditional slash-and-burn culture, particularly on the islands Sumatra and Kalimantan) have far-reaching environmental consequences.
Meanwhile, extreme wet or dry seasons (El Nino or La Nina weather phenomenons) can ruin food crop harvests, trigger inflation and put severe financial pressure on the poorer segments of the Indonesian population.
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